基于深度学习的小浆果一体化智能采摘与分选研究进展

小浆果因具有较高的营养价值和保健作用深受人们喜爱，被国际市场誉为第3代水果。随着市场需求量的增加，林业小浆果的智能采摘与分选成为一种新的趋势。目前，由于现有技术自动化和智能化程度不高，导致大量人力、物力的投入。深度学习方法的飞速发展促进了检测技术的精确作业和检测精度的提高。文中概述了深度学习的发展进程，通过总结国内外关于深度学习方法在小浆果采摘与分选中的应用，提出深度学习方法在实际应用过程中存在的问题及解决措施，并展望深度学习方法在小浆果智能采摘与分选检测方面的发展趋势。     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

Vibrio harveyi (VirB11) recombinant vaccine development against vibriosis in orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Despite significant improvements in aquaculture to compensate wild catch, disease organisms have thrived in limiting its national and global potential. Using antibiotics, in a bid to remedy the havoc, has given rise to complications, attracting attention to disease prevention by immune enhancement against diseases. Grouper production has been inhibited for the threats of bacterial infection, particularly of Vibrio origin. Considering the rise in vibriosis cases, improved vaccines are necessary; moreover, recombinant vaccines, the choice for trial in the present experiment have been effective and more specific in improving immunity. The current work deals with grouper immune system enhancement with a recombinant vaccine developed from VirB11 gene in Vibrio harveyi. VirB11 was cloned in V. harveyi for recombinant vaccine development against vibriosis in orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). As indicated by the results, recombinant VirB11 protein showed effectiveness in conferring protection against vibriosis with observable specific antibody response in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis; a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antibody levels was observed after a week and after 8 weeks post‐vaccination. From the weeks post‐vaccination, log2 (antibody titres) in the sera of vaccinated groups reached a peak of 14.2 at week 5 in the vaccinated group in comparison with a peak of approximately 5 and 2 in adjuvant and PBS controls. As indicated by the challenge results, 90% relative survival was observed in vaccinated group and 13% relative survival in control group I (adjuvant control). The cumulative performance of protein concludes VirB11 commendable for recombinant vaccine development.     

Protective immune responses of recombinant outer membrane proteins OmpF and OmpK of Aeromonas hydrophila in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Outer membrane proteins (Omps) of Gram‐negative bacteria have been proven to be efficient subunit vaccines against bacteriosis. In this study, OmpF and OmpK of Aeromonas hydrophila were expressed, and their immune protective effects in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were evaluated. The genomic DNA of A. hydrophila 322A was used as a template, and two kinds of prokaryotic expression plasmids, pET‐32a‐OmpF and pET‐32a‐OmpK, were constructed. Recombinant OmpF protein (r‐OmpF) and r‐OmpK were purified and were proven to have antigenicity by Western‐blot analysis. r‐OmpF and r‐OmpK were used as immunogens to immunize European eel by intraperitoneal injection. The mRNA expression of 6 immune‐related genes (IgM, IL‐10, IRF3, IRF7, LysG4 and HexB) in the liver tissues of eels at 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr and 10 days postimmunization was analysed by real‐time PCR. At 30 dpi, the serum antibody response was measured by ELISA. Fish were attacked at 15 dpi by live 322A to assess the protective immunity of r‐OmpF and r‐OmpK. All the six tested genes responded to r‐OmpF or r‐OmpK vaccination at varying degrees. The serum antibody titre of r‐OmpF‐ and r‐OmpK‐immunized groups was 1:1,600 and 1:3,200 respectively. In addition, r‐OmpF gave 35.5% of the relative immune protection rate to European eels, while r‐OmpK gave 70.0%. By analysing the protective immunity and the regulatory role in the immune‐related gene expression of the two recombinant proteins that were studied, it was found that r‐OmpK was a potential vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila.     

新疆奎屯棉花草甘膦化学杀雄制种实践与探讨

以抗草甘膦棉花品种进行化学杀雄制种是杂种优势利用的新途径。为验证新疆奎屯应用草甘膦进行棉花化学杀雄制种的可行性，摸索相关制种技术，2017年用抗草甘膦棉花材料“祝22”开展棉花小面积化学杀雄制种及农达41%（质量分数，下同）水剂不同剂量与不同施药间隔试验。据制种实践结果，籽棉单产达4 740 kg·hm^－2，制种纯度达到100%，但化学杀雄的棉株下部结铃率降低。农达41%水剂不同剂量与不同施药间隔试验结果表明，农达41%水剂200倍液间隔7 d、施药6次的杀雄彻底，且棉株长势的强弱可影响杀雄效果。因此，在当地科学应用草甘膦及其制剂进行棉花化学杀雄杂交制种是可行的。     

垄作稻鱼鸡共生对水稻群体生长特性及产量形成的影响

为了探究水稻垄作栽培和稻鱼鸡共生模式的结合对水稻群体生长特性及产量形成的影响，在总结前人垄作栽培、稻鱼和稻鸡共生模式的研究基础上，提出了水稻垄作栽培养鸡养鱼的种养结合技术，通过设计常规水稻垄作栽培(CK)、水稻垄作养鱼(RF)、水稻垄作养鸡(RC)和水稻垄作养鸡养鱼(RFC)的田间对比试验，研究了不同垄作稻鱼鸡共生模式下的水稻群体生长特性和产量形成。结果表明：与CK处理相比，2年中RFC和RC处理的水稻平均产量能够维持稳定，平均有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重虽有差异，但均未达到显著性差异；RF处理水稻产量、有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重平均降幅分别为29.98%、19.70%、484%、3.99%和5.74%，且均达到显著性水平。2年中RFC、RC处理的茎、叶和穗的干物质平均积累量与CK处理整体不存在显著差异，但较RF处理均显著增加。RFC、RC和CK处理水稻茎和叶在齐穗前干物质积累量显著高于RF处理，平均增幅分别为56.23%、50.66%和54.15%，齐穗后干物质积累量的降幅慢于RF处理，并且维持叶面积指数在较高水平，平均增幅为41.38%、38.35%和38.23%。2年中RFC、RC和CK处理较RF处理均具有较高的群体生长速率、净同化率和光合势，其中群体生长速率增幅分别为77.94%、70.29%和7669%，净同化率为40.07%、39.47%和38.87%，光合势为38.39%、35.49%和35.94%，进而为稻穗积累更多的干物质量和产量的形成奠定基础。综上可知，垄作稻鱼鸡共生和垄作稻鸡共生利于水稻的干物质积累及叶面积指数、群体生长速率、净同化率和光合势的提高，进而保证水稻产量稳定。     

黑龙江省2019年乳品产业现状及未来展望

黑龙江省目前是国内主要乳制品生产地区之一,在对黑龙江省2019年乳制品生产的上游牧场、下游乳品企业及乳制品市场销售情况等全产业链调研的基础上,分析了黑龙江省2019年乳品产业的生产情况变化及乳制品市场价格波动的原因,对2020年乳品产业发展进行了展望,并预测了新冠肺炎疫情对乳品产业的影响,以期为牧场、乳品企业和地方政府部门提供合理化建议。     

苦荞粒形相关性状的遗传分析

利用籽粒大小差异较大的2个苦荞品种的杂交后代开展了与产量具有密切关系的粒形相关性状的遗传规律及其性状间的相关性分析。结果表明,F₂和F₃群体的粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重表现值范围都超过亲本的表现值,并且粒长、粒宽和长宽比的变异系数均小于10%,千粒重的变异系数大于10%。另外,粒长、粒宽、长宽比和千粒重的加性方差均大于显性方差,广义遗传率在F₂和F₃代中分别为0.77~0.82和0.82~0.85,固定遗传率都达到0.80以上。粒形性状间的相关性分析结果表明,粒长、粒宽和千粒重相互间都存在极显著的正相关,粒宽和千粒重,粒长和长宽比的遗传相关系数较大。以上结果表明,具有较高遗传率的粒形相关性状可以在后代早期进行选择,但由于这些性状是数量性状而且受多个基因的控制,因此建议继续繁殖后代到基因型稳定,同时考虑性状间的相关性选拔最为有效。     

芥菜吸收积累重金属研究进展

指出了土壤重金属污染状况和由此导致的蔬菜重金属污染风险不容忽视。针对不同品种芥菜吸收和积累重金属的特性、吸收机制以及应用方面进行了综述,为研究芥菜吸收积累重金属的机理和应用提供参考。